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First-Grade CWAP-404 Reliable Dump & Guaranteed CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Success with Hot New CWAP-404 Test Bootcamp

First-Grade CWAP-404 Reliable Dump & Guaranteed CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Success with Hot New CWAP-404 Test Bootcamp

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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Exam CodeCWAP-404 CWAP
Exam RegistrationPEARSON VUE
Sample QuestionsCWNP CWAP-404 Sample Questions
Exam NameWireless Analysis Professional

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

SectionObjectives

Protocol Analysis - 15%

Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods- Select capture devices
  • Laptop protocol analyzers
  • APs, controllers, and other management solutions
  • Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices)

- Install monitor mode drivers
- Select capture location(s)
- Capture sufficient data for analysis
- Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed
- Capture roaming events

Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools- Save to disk
- Packet slicing
- Event triggers
- Buffer options
- Channels and channel widths
- Capture filters
- Channel scanning and dwell time
Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions- Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets
- Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets
- Configure and display columns for analysis purposes
- View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process
- Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels
- Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures
- View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis
- Use expert mode for analysis
- View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis
Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting- WLAN scanners and discovery tools
- Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools
- Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools
Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types- Define the problem
- Determine the scale of the problem
- Identify probable causes
- Capture and analyze the data
- Observe the problem
- Choose appropriate remediation steps
- Document the problem and resolution

Spectrum Analysis - 10%

Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers- Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware
- Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions
- Understand and use spectrum analyzer views
  • Real-time FFT
  • Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views
  • Utilization and duty cycle
  • Detected devices
  • WLAN integration views
Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues- RF noise floor in an environment
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal
- Sources of RF interference and their locations
- RF channel utilization
- Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications
- Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference
- Poor performing or faulty radios
Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures- Identify various 802.11 PHYs
  • DSSS
  • OFDM
  • OFDMA
  • Channel widths
  • Primary channel

- Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures

  • Frequency hopping devices
  • IoT devices
  • Microwave ovens
  • Video devices
  • RF Jammers
  • Cordless phones
Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions- AP-based spectrum analysis
- Sensor-based spectrum analysis

PHY Layers and Technologies - 10%

Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)- DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)
- OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
- ERP (Extended Rate PHY)
- HT (High Throughput)
- VHT (Very High Throughput)
- HE (High Efficiency)
  • HE SU PPDU
  • HE MU PPDU
  • HE ER SU PPDU
  • HE TB PPDU
  • HE NULL data packets
Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data
Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers- Pseudo-Header formats
  • Radiotap
  • Per Packet Information (PPI)

- Key pseudo-header content

  • Guard intervals
  • Resource units allocation
  • PPDU formats
  • Signal strength
  • Noise
  • Data rate and MCS index
  • Length information
  • Channel center frequency or received channel
  • Channel properties
Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers
Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types- Supported PHYs
- Supported spatial streams

MAC Sublayer and Functions - 25%

Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation- Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)
Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis- Management, Control, and Data frames
- MAC frame formats and contents
  • Frame Control field
  • To DS and From DS fields
  • Address fields
  • Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field

- 802.11 Management frame formats

  • Information Elements
  • Authentication
  • Association and Reassociation
  • Beacon
  • Prove Request and Probe Response

- Data and QoS Data frame formats
- 802.11 Control frame formats

  • Acknowledgement (ACK)
  • Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS)
  • Block Acknowledgement and related frames
  • Trigger frames
  • VHT/HE NDP announcements
  • Multiuser RTS
Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis- Country code
- Minimum basic rate
- Supported rates and coding schemes
- Beacon interval
- WMM settings
- RSN settings
- HT/VHT/HE operations
- Channel width
- Primary channel
- Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs
Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames

CWNP Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Sample Questions (Q92-Q97):

NEW QUESTION # 92
What is an AIFS?

  • A. A form of aggregation performed at the PLCP sub-layer
  • B. A medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented
  • C. The shortest period of time a STA can sleep
  • D. A variable Interframe Space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories

Answer: D

Explanation:
An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An interframe space is a period of time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. An AIFS is a type of interframe space that varies depending on the AC of the traffic. An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. There are four ACs defined by 802.11e:
AC_VO (Voice), AC_VI (Video), AC_BE (Best Effort), and AC_BK (Background). Each AC has a different AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe what an AIFS is.
An AIFS is not a medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented, as it is part of the 802.11e standard and widely used in QoS-enabled WLANs. An AIFS is not a form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.11e UP values interpreted from DSCP values, as aggregation is a technique that combines multiple frames into one larger frame to improve efficiency and throughput, not prioritization or medium access. An AIFS is not the shortest period of time a STA can sleep, as sleeping is a power saving mode that allows a STA to conserve battery power by periodically turning off its radio, not accessing the medium.


NEW QUESTION # 93
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?

  • A. PPDU
  • B. PSDU
  • C. MPDU
  • D. MSDU

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98


NEW QUESTION # 94
You are evaluating a protocol capture file in Wireshark.
The following filter is applied:
wlan_radio.11ac.bandwidth - - 4
What kind of frames are displayed?

  • A. Only 80 MHz frames
  • B. Only 40 MHz frames
  • C. Only frames supporting 4 radio chains
  • D. Only frames supporting 4 spatial streams

Answer: A


NEW QUESTION # 95
You require 802.11ac capture solution.
You want to capture using native operating system tools if possible.
What operating system has built-in ability to capture 802.11ac frames assuming it is running on the appropriate laptop hardware?

  • A. Windows 7
  • B. Windows 8.1
  • C. Mac OS X
  • D. Windows 10

Answer: C


NEW QUESTION # 96
You're the WLAN administrator for a large retailer based at the HQ in New York. The London- based office has been complaining about WLAN disconnections around lunch time each day. You suspect this might be interference from the staff microwave, how might you test your theory from the New York office?

  • A. Ask a local member of staff to change the frequency of the microwave and see if the disconnections stop
  • B. Access the microwave remotely and run a diagnostic check
  • C. Ask a local member of staff to take some pictures of the microwave, including some close-ups of the door seal so that you can access it
  • D. Place one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode and monitor the situation over lunch time

Answer: D

Explanation:
The best way to test the theory of microwave interference from the New York office is to use a remote spectrum analyzer. By placing one of the London APs into spectrum analyzer mode, you can capture and analyze the RF spectrum in the London office over lunch time. You can then look for any signs of microwave interference, such as high duty cycle, high amplitude, or frequency hopping on the 2.4 GHz band. This method does not require any physical access to the microwave or any changes to its frequency.


NEW QUESTION # 97
......

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